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Hematology analyzer is the Hospital clinical examination is widely used one of the machines, along with computer technology in recent years of rapid development, technical analysis of the blood cells from Category 3 to Category 5, then from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space, and we Also noted that the modern blood cells of the five-classification of many technology used in today's very advanced and the flow cytometry the same technology, such as scattered light detection technology, sheath technology, laser technology, and so on. This paper focuses on the five-classification of blood cells of the instruments of the detection method and its application to be elaborated.

1, electrical impedance, high-frequency conductivity and the detection of laser light scattering

This is Coutler company in 1987 introduced new technology and blood suspended in the electrolyte, a current through the use of sensors inside and outside the two electrodes, the blood cells impedance great, when blood cells through two electrodes, the inter-electrode impedance instant increase , And the rate of formation of blood cells is directly proportional to the volume of electrical pulse, according to the size pulse can be measured in the volume. When measured in red blood cells, using a pulse screening, the rate will be smaller platelet pulse removed, to retain WBC pulse and red blood cells, white blood cells because of the number of red blood cells of less than 1 / 500, the total data similar to that of red blood cells Count. When measured in the WBC, use of hemolysin, RBC dissolved, and then the remaining white blood cell count. In the platelet count, lower pulse screening for the threshold, or a total, minus the red blood cell count (which includes the WBC count), which is platelet count. However, due to different types of cells to produce the same volume of the same pulse rate, the volume alone is not fully distinguish between using high frequency conductivity and laser light scattering analysis of the internal structure of leukocytes that can make up for deficiencies. Although the cell wall so that low-frequency current can not be passed, but through the high-frequency current, the size and density of cells different from their current high frequency of resistance are also different, it can be used to distinguish between WBC. Laser scattering technique used to check the cell surface characteristics and internal structure. Laser scattering of particles on the structure and density of the distinction between capability and coarse particles of the light scattering stronger than the fine particles to cells can be distinguished from tablets, the United States COULTER company STKS, MAXM series hematology analyzer is the use of Category 5 Resistance, conductivity and high-frequency laser scattering joint detection method.

2, light scattering and the staining of the detection method

It uses laser light scattering and peroxidase staining cell classification. Eosinophils have a strong hydrogen peroxide activity, neutrophil slurry containing more abundant catalase, followed by monocytes, primitive cells are rare, and lymphocyte cells and basophils Lack of this enzyme. Trace the use of blood with the cleaning agent and containing formaldehyde hypertonic appropriate dilution liquid and a few dozen seconds incubation, cells were then damaged by the cleaning agent, interleukin-fixed in the pulp, then again to the second reaction, by adding Hydrogen peroxide and a naphthol heating tetrahydrocannabinol, this time under test cells catalase decomposition of hydrogen peroxide produce oxygen, so that the latter tetrachlorophthalic a naphthol color and precipitation in the positioning of the particles in the enzyme, such Of the laser beam, and because of light scattering of different sizes and was classified. Summer is alkaline cells, lymphocytes, due to non-primitive cells this enzyme, can not be detected, the number of machines set up a special cell basophils detection system, and its measurement channels using the method of the time difference, and RBC / PLT measurement system Share a channel. As the role of reagents, in addition to basophils blood cells, other cells are dissolved. Basophils cells along with other cells in a bare cell nuclear distribution. Basophils integrity of the cells were narrow angle scattering, located in the first half of plans, the tablets in the second half naked, nude different tablets due to structural differences in the distribution of different X-axis. Mononuclear in the left, the more points of the right side. Computer analysis of sub-nuclear and nuclear single angle scattering peak ratio, the ratio is the analyzer by the findings of the report. TECHNICON H-series analysis is the use of this technology.

3, and RF impedance conductive joint detection method

This method is by using four detection system to detect different types of cells ① lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils detection system: the cell suspension in the Huai join hemolytic dissolution of the red blood cells due to maintain the integrity of leukocyte cells Pulp and patterns similar to the physiological state, when these cells through the detection system, for the WBC impedance (measured in volume) and RF conductivity (detecting nuclear and particle density) of the joint detection, the result will be divided into cell lymphocytes, Monocytes and neutrophils small groups of three. ② eosinophil cells and basophils two detection systems: the cell suspension in the Huai join the special hemolytic agent, with the exception of eosinophil cells and basophils, other cells are dissolved or shrinking, and then to maintain the integrity of the嗜Acid cells or basophils cell count. ③ naive cells detection system: the cell suspension in the Huai join the curing of amino acids, as occupying different, the combination of naive cells in the amino acids than mature cells, and the role of hemolysis of resistance, when the accession of hemolysis, mature cells were dissolved, Retaining only the naive cells may exist to count.

Japan East Asia's NE1500, SYSNEX company SE9000 hematology analyzer is using this method of classification.

4, multi-angle laser polarized light scattering detection using this technology to use the equipment Huai sheath flow of blood samples will be diluted, diluted the internal structure similar to interleukin natural state, only basophils cells because of its moisture absorption of the cell structure of而使A slight change. The hemoglobin in red blood cells, the role of high osmotic pressure, separated from the cells. The sheath flow of water will enter the red blood cells, so that the membrane structures are still full, it is the sheath flow of refraction coefficient the same, does not affect the WBC detection. At the same time from the perspective of the four apparatus to detect the cell through a laser beam generated by scattering light, 0 ° front-scattered light to determine the size of cells, 10 ° scattered light to a narrow angle of cell structure, 90 ° scattered light on the vertical Within the cell cytoplasm and particles measured, 90 ° Consumers will be polarized light scattering from the eosinophil cells of tablets and separated from the other cells. ABBOTT company's CD-3000, CD-3500 hematology analyzer using this technology.

Using the above method of classification of instruments, final results showed high-resolution now on the distribution of the WBC. Use a computer image technology, in various color of a representative of a certain concentration of cells, cell subsets and anomalies easily identifiable, three-dimensional space can be observed from the different position of the WBC subsets. Through some sort of operation, the rotating three-dimensional, we can show the position of distribution.